喜马拉雅山宛若一座冰封堡垒 The Himalayas appear like a frozen fortress,
一片荒凉 giving nothing,
甚至空气也特别稀薄 not even enough air.
但是却有动物生活在这里 Yet there are animals here...
超凡脱俗蔚为奇观 ..miraculous and extraordinary,
由连绵高山孕育滋长 nurtured by the mountains.
也包括人类 大山创造了他们的世界 For people, too, the mountains shape their world.
从喜马拉雅山的动物身上 我们体会到生命的美与脆弱 The animals of the Himalayas teach us about the beauty and fragility of life,
以及这个地球上 最不适合生存的山脉的威力 and the power of the most inhospitable mountains on Earth.
《喜马拉雅山脉》 cym合并中英字
这座世界上最高的山 The highest mountain range in the world forms
横跨亚洲3000公里的疤痕 a two thousand-mile scar across Asia,
将印度与西藏高原分隔 separating India from the Tibetan Plateau.
我们的旅程自西向东 经过不同季节 Our journey is from west to east, through the seasons.
从巴基斯坦的冬天开始 We start in Pakistan in winter.
喜马拉雅山的西边是喀喇昆仑山 The Karakoram Range, at the western end of the Himalayas, is a world of
那里是金雕 雪豹 捻角山羊 熊 豺和狼出没 golden eagles, snow leopards, markhors, bears, jackals, and wolves.
雪豹跟踪捻角山羊 在大雪中掩饰行藏 The snow leopard stalks markhors, the wild mountain goats, using the falling snow as cover.
冬天 在这个海拔 做任何事情都很困难 At this altitude, and in winter, nothing is easy.
然而天气再冷 空气再稀薄的喜马拉雅山的动物 Yet despite the cold and the thin air, there is more life within the Himalayas
仍比地球上其他山脉为多 than any other mountain range on Earth.
小雪豹已经完全长大了 The snow leopard has a fully grown cub.
这个家庭的成员呆在一起的时间 比其他猫科动物还要长 Families will stay together longer than any other cat.
在这里独立生存很艰难 It's tough up here to make it alone.
山区的艰难生活助长了这种伙伴情谊 The difficulties of mountain life encourage companionship.
狼也一起狩猎 寻找被雪覆盖冻死的动物尸体 The wolves work together, searching for frozen bodies under the snow.
喜马拉雅狼继承了祖先的远古血脉 Himalayan wolves are from an old bloodline, relics of an early ancestor.
也许这里是狼最早的家园 Maybe this was the wolf's first home.
狼群之间的情谊加上高山环境严峻 促使它们向外流散 遍布半个地球 The bonds within the pack, and the mountain toughness, perhaps, helped them to spread over half the world.
家犬的祖先是亚洲狼 也许家犬也是喜马拉雅山脉的恩赐 Domestic dogs came from Asian wolves, so perhaps they, too, are a gift from the Himalayas.
在家里与我们围炉作伴的爱犬 是不是高山生活经验的产物呢 Is our companion on the hearthrug with us a consequence of an ancient lesson learnt in these mountains?
现在是冬天 地势较高的村庄农田渺无人迹 It's winter, and the higher villages and farms are deserted.
高山上 生命随著季节变迁而转变 Life follows the seasons up and down the mountains.
地球上这个最大的创疤 直至最近才开始纪录人的足迹 Until recently, our presence hardly registered at all on the biggest scar on the planet's surface.
喜马拉雅山大约4000万年前形成 印度大陆 These mountains arose some 40 million years ago, when India,
从南面漂来 与亚洲碰撞 pushing from the south, hit the rest of Asia.
亚洲大陆被撞击后，上升8000多米 The land had nowhere to go but up, and folds reached over five miles high.
喜马拉雅山是一大块褶皱地带，指向天际直达弯苍 The Himalayas are a massive crumple zone, reaching out of the air, towards space.
冬天 大部分生物退至雪线下生活 In winter, most life retreats to below the snowline.
它们是远古祖先的遗产 They're relics of an ancient ancestor.
其实雪豹并不是豹 雪豹的近亲可能是狮子或者美洲虎 A snow leopard's nearest relatives could be lions, or even jaguars.
雪豹一家留意著捻角羊的举动 The family follow the antics of the markhors.
捻角山羊在冬天繁殖 雄性试图把它们的对手甩下山崖 The markhors breed in winter. Males try to throw their rivals off cliffs.
战斗结束后 占优势的雄性 站在雌性周围伸出它们的舌头 As well as fighting, the dominant buck follows the girls around, with his tongue hanging out.
此时 雌羊容易分心 It's a distracting time for the does.
对雪豹来说则是最佳时机 Perfect for the snow leopard.
捻角山羊逃去无踪 The markhor disappears around the corner.
雪豹一脸狐疑 The snow leopard seems more puzzled than anything else.
如果地球上有一个地方我们可以 看到自然的力量 If there were one place on Earth where we can see the power of raw nature,
以及生命的脆弱，一定是这里 and the fragility of life, it must be here.
入夜后 雪豹又回到了 捻角山羊奔向自由的地点 Later, at night, the snow leopard revisits the place where the markhor leaped for freedom.
群山好像收回了它的猎物 It's as if the mountains have taken back her prize,
或者大山拯救了捻角山羊 perhaps saved the markhor's life,
它需要了解大自然的规律 and she needs to understand what happened.
在这片无情大地，我们找到的是好奇心，关爱家庭 伙伴情谊以及希望 In the bleak landscape we find curiosity, caring families, companionship, and hope.
雪豹和捻角山羊 都会消失于更高山上 The snow leopards and markhors will disappear higher into the mountains.
我们的视线亦要超越山谷 才能明白主宰喜马拉雅山的神奇力量 We, too, must look beyond the valleys to understand the extraordinary forces that rule the Himalayas.
这是两极以外最大片冰层和积雪 山谷外边覆盖着 This is the largest deposit of accumulated ice and compacted snow outside the poles.
数千立方的冰 形成冰川沿山势缓缓滑落 Thousands of cubic miles of ice slide very slowly down the mountains, as glaciers.
冰川为亚洲多条大河提供水源 The glaciers feed many of the greatest rivers in Asia.
这里小小的变化都会影响到 数千英里以外部分印度和中国 Tiny changes up here can affect parts of India and China, thousands of miles away.
我们沿着喀喇昆仑山往东走 到达巴基斯坦及印度边境 We are moving east, along Karakoram Range, over the border between Pakistan and India.
这些山峰形成冰河期 就已经被雕琢成这样 These peaks were carved during ice ages.
在另一个冰河期应该要来之际 It's about time for another ice age, but instead,
喜马拉雅山冰河融解速度竟然加快 the Himalayas are melting faster than seems possible naturally.
大自然只要稍有失衡 Nature appears disturbed, shifting angrily,
便会出现翻天覆地的改变 as though a delicate balance was being lost.
冰川一边下移一边融解 冰水流人裂缝 在冰层里冲出隧道 As the glaciers descend and melt, water pours into crevasses, and carves tunnels inside the ice.
这儿是印度的戈慕克 We are now in India, at Gaumukh,
这里被叫做 牛的嘴 "the cow's mouth",
恒河其中一个神圣地点 one of the several holy sources of the Ganges.
朝圣者用浑浊的冰水沐浴净身 进行沐浴仪式 Pilgrims take a ritual bath in its freezing milky waters.
信徒把神圣的恒河奉为女神 影响了千百万的生命 The river, "Mother Ganges", is revered as a goddess, influencing millions of lives.
三 四月份 寺庙卸去冬妆 村民农夫回归 During March and April, temples shed their winter isolation, and villagers and farmers return.
动物雕像比比皆是 冬去春来它们重见天日 Images of animals are everywhere, emerging from an isolated frozen winter, into spring.
山脉本身神圣不可侵 The mountains themselves are sacred.
相传有一个山峰是圣地 呈完美的四方形 There's a legend of a holy peak, a perfect four-sided pyramid.
相传四边各流出一条大河 From each face, according to the stories, a great river flows.
每条都为大地四角带来生机 Each river carries life to the four corners of the Earth.
那个神山相传就是世界的中心 The mythical mountain is the axis mundi, the centre of the world.
我们沿著喜马拉雅山向东行 期间发现到一个类似的山 As we journey east along the Himalayas, we find a mountain to match the myth.
它的融雪流入印度河的巴基斯坦段 并向南流人恒河 Its meltwater flows to the Indus in Pakistan, and south into the Ganges.
溪流形成雅鲁藏布江流入孟加拉 Streams form the Yarlung and head to Bangladesh.
亚洲最大的3条河都起源于这座山 Three of Asia's greatest rivers can trace their source to this one mountain.
它是盖拉舍山 意谓水晶之山 It's Mount Kailash, which means "crystal mountain".
佛教徒 印度教徒和耆那教徒 都会来这里朝圣 Buddhists, Hindus and Jains make pilgrimages here.
祭司僧侣 乐师圣人 带来各式各样宗教文化 Priests, monks, musicians and holy men all compete in a riot of religious cultures.
HORNS BLARE
巨型经柱竖起直指天庭 Giant prayer poles are raised, also reaching up to heaven.
称作 风马 的祈祷文纸，向山巅飘去 Paper prayers called wind horses flutter up towards the peak,
那相传是众神居住之所 where the gods of different faiths are believed to reside.
这个山峰是如此的神圣 以至于它从未被攀爬过 The summit is so sacred, it has never been climbed.
我们的旅程继续往东，从巴基斯坦的喀喇昆仑山脉 进人印度并向尼泊尔进发 Our path continues east, from the Karakorams in Pakistan, into India and towards Nepal.
这座山春意盎然，高高的森林带来了生机 Spring is climbing the mountain, and upland forests are returning to life.
山上有猴子出现 往往是出人意外 但这在喜马拉雅却很常见 It's a surprise to find monkey mountaineers, but the Himalayas have many.
四月 花朵和新芽吸引了很多龄猴 In April, flowers and buds feed langur monkeys.
冬天它们住在雪线以下的山谷 春天回到山上 随雪线向上迁徙 They winter in the valleys, and follow the snowline up the mountains in spring.
山上生存 There is something about mountain life,
环境严苛 加上生命脆弱 因此改变了本土动物的性情 the hardship, perhaps, the fragility, that actually changes the character of the animals that live here.
喜马拉雅龄猴 与它们山下的表兄截然不同 Himalayan langurs are distinct from their lowland cousins.
山上更像是一个和谐的社会 Up here is a more friendly society.
山下的雄猴会为了雌猴而开战 Further down the mountain, the males fight for the control of a harem.
反观这儿它们三成五群相安无事 But here, they all live together in one group.
在温暖的多云时节 它们会来到高山上的山谷 Warm clouds work their way up alpine valleys.
雪豹进一步深人山里 无法追踪 The snow leopards go deeper into the mountains, impossible to follow.
喜马拉雅仍有大部分地区与世隔绝 The Himalayas are still largely inaccessible and unexplored.
到了五月 蜜蜂终止冬眠开始出动 加人其他动物的行列 离开山谷 By May, bees have come out of hibernation, or joined others coming up from the valleys below.
巨型崖蜂用身体筑起三尺宽蜂窝 像是一道波动的蜜蜂墙 Giant cliff bees build three-foot combs that are a rippling wall of bodies.
同时震动着它们的翅膀 这是一个防御警告 Waving their abdomens in unison is a defensive warning to keep clear.
可是徒劳无功 The bees' efforts are in vain.
采蜜人飞檐走壁 Human honey-hunters scale the cliffs.
这些蜂是世上最大 最危险的蜜蜂 The bees are the biggest in the world and amongst the most dangerous.
他们用15英尺长的杆子 砍下带着蜂蜜的蜂房，并把蜂蜜放到下面的篮子里 They cut out the honey storage cells with 15-foot poles, into a relay of baskets.
出动一级护衣再加烟幕亦无济于事 Even the best protective clothes, and a screen of smoke, is not enough,
采蜜人知难而退 这是世界上最可口最危险的蜂蜜 and the honey-hunter retreats to savour perhaps the most delicious and dangerous honey in the world.
人类在这儿寻求仙药已有数千年 People have searched for magical ingredients here for thousands of years, and discovered
终于找到一种极为有效的催情药 a powerful human aphrodisiac.
一种独居的小鹿 从其胃腺分泌出的香脂 A little solitary deer produces a musky resin from a small gland on its stomach.
肇香鹿推动全球的爱情与时尚事业 The musk deer has influenced love and fashion across the world.
最著名的香水 就是基于它的麝香生产的 The most famous perfumes are based on his scent.
从埃及女王克丽奥佩特拉开始 多少帝后以爵香求爱 From Cleopatra onwards, kings and queens wooed with musk.
穆斯林认为这是天堂的味道 因此涂在清真寺的祭坛上 Muslims maintain it is the smell of heaven, and they added it to the mortar of the mosques,
令清真寺有天堂的气味 so that the temples smelt of paradise.
麝香影响了宗教和历史 Affecting religion and history,
麝鹿还无意识的赐给了我们 香奈儿和迪奥 or giving us Chanel and Dior, is not the musk deer's intention.
它也许只是想被雌麝鹿吸引而已 All he wants is to be noticed by a female musk deer.
我们渴望有喜马拉雅山动物的香气 While we may want to smell like Himalayan animals,
却不想有它们的外貌举止 当然也有例外 wanting to look like them is rarer, but it does happen.
棕尾虹锥居于印度及巴基斯坦山上 喜欢炫耀外表 The monal pheasant, high above India and Pakistan, is all flash, all show.
雄性用冠毛和彩羽彼此较劲 Males compete in a dance of crests and colours.
奇怪的是 就在山下 印度和巴基斯坦边界的守卫 Curiously, in the shadow of the mountains, the guards on the India and Pakistan border
也跳着同样诱人的舞蹈 do an irresistibly similar dance.
从羽冠到走路的姿态的都像 也许是为了回应这些鸟 The crest, even the posturing walk, perhaps, echo the bird display,
但打扮和拇指动作也像雄捻角山羊 模仿它们的角和舌头 but the contest of thumbs seems more like the markhor stag, all horns and tongues.
印度和巴基斯坦既是邻居也是敌人 India and Pakistan are feuding neighbours.
如果所有的冲突 如果可以用这种方式化解恩仇多好 How much better if all conflicts could be fought out in this way?
山的下面冰川融水 汇聚成的小溪和河流 Below mountain borders, following glacial meltwater in streams and rivers,
孕育了富饶的恒河流域 is a watery plain, the Ganges basin.
这里的鹤也有它们自己的舞蹈 Here, cranes have their own dances.
这里是此行地势最低的地方 我们离开这里 重新向高峰出发 This is the lowest we go. From here, we will return to the highest peaks.
多种雀鸟受制于喜马拉雅山 赤颈鹤便是一例 Many birds are hemmed in by the Himalayas, like these sarus cranes.
但不包括斑头雁 山阻挡不了它们 But to bar-headed geese, the mountains are no obstacle.
从印度喜马拉雅山山脚出发 前往尼泊尔及不丹 From the base of the Himalayas in India, we head to Nepal and Bhutan,
世界之巅上两个王国 mountain kingdoms on the top of the world.
喜马拉雅山是由一系列的山脉 堆叠成这么高的 The Himalayas are made of range upon range of mountains, building height.
空气相当稀薄 The air becomes dangerously thin.
斑头雁是这个世界上飞的最高的鸟 Bar-headed geese are the highest flying birds in the world.
飞的越高 气流越快 The higher they go, the faster the jet-stream.
靠时速150公里的顺风 它们能翱翔于喜马拉雅山之上 A 100 mile-an-hour tailwind catapults them over the Himalayas.
斑头雁飞的比珠峰都要高 Bar-headed geese fly higher than Everest.
它们的血含有特殊的血红蛋白 Their blood is different, with special haemoglobin,
随着翅膀的扇动 它们可以呼吸得更快更深 and they can breathe faster and deeper, many gulps for each wing beat.
它们比人类运动员 还能承受缺氧带来的痛苦 They suffer severe hypoxia, way beyond any human athlete, pushing the boundaries of pain.
斑头雁并不孤单 Bar-headed geese are not alone.
有些鹤虽然不能像斑头雁那样适应 但它们也在尝试 Some cranes, less well adapted, gawky compared to the geese, attempt the journey.
蓑羽鹤找到了穿越高山的方法 那就是妈妈带着孩子 Demoiselle cranes find ways through high mountain passes, mothers leading their young.
蓑羽鹤用上升的气流对抗高度和山脊 The cranes use rising currents of air to gain height, to battle over ridges,
然后回到山谷休养生息 then descend into valleys to recover.
山谷里 有金雕等著它们 There, waiting for them, are golden eagles.
金雕尝试将幼鹤分隔出来 The eagles try to separate young cranes from the flock.
金雕成群捕猎 和山上其他许多猎食动物一样 The predators hunt cooperatively, like so many others here.
逃了一个小鹤 但被另外一只雕抓住了 The young crane escapes one, and is caught by another.
鹤群里的其他鹤却无能为力 There is nothing the rest of the flock can do.
蓑羽鹤奋力前进 但前面是世上最巨大的障礙物 The demoiselle cranes battle on, but ahead are the largest obstacles in the world.
而当中最大的是额菲尔士峰 And the biggest of all, Everest.
有一种动物懂如何在峰顶短暂求生 One animal has learnt to survive, briefly, at the top.
我们无需征服这串山脉 We don't need to conquer these mountains,
这里没有适合生存的地方 上面没有繁殖点 环境也无法适应 there's no breeding site to get to, and no adaptation to help us.
但每年还是有上百人来这里 挑战他们的生存极限 Yet every year, hundreds of people push their physiology
有些人来做医学研究 更多人是为了满足自己 for medical research, or more often, for themselves.
这里被叫做 死亡地带 The top is called the "death zone",
上面的景观乃全球之冠 a combination of the best view in the world
可是你想欣赏亦有心无力 and being in no state to enjoy it.
这里的风赶上了飓风的风速 温度低于零下50度 Winds average hurricane force, temperatures 50 below zero,
有时风平浪静 但转瞬即逝 and a calm day can quickly change.
已经超过200人死在这座山上 Over 200 people have died here, many abandoned on the mountain.
有更多人在山上半途而废 尝试登顶的人有10%失去性命，受伤的则更多 About 10% of climbers attempting the summit lose their lives, and many more are injured.
在这多冰多石 勇者生存的世界里 竟有一种小蜘蛛栖居 In this harsh world of rock, ice and courage, lives a little spider.
其拉丁文名称的意思是 大地之上 Its Latin name means "standing above everything",
它们在6700米高处出没 and it's been found at 22,000 feet.
据说它是世界上生存的最高的动物 It's supposedly the highest living animal in the world.
但它不是唯一生存在这里的动物 But it can't be the only one up here,
因为蜘蛛需要其他昆虫填饱肚皮 since spiders need other insects to feed on.
小苍蝇和跃尾虫肯定不畏高 和小跳虫生活在这里 Sure enough, tiny flies and springtails also manage at amazing altitudes.
这种蜘蛛有另一种技俩 But it's got another trick.
它能弹跳 It's a jumping spider.
像所有的登山好手那样 它们有安全索保护 Like all good mountaineers, it will secure a line.
跳虫是最原始的昆虫 它们什么都吃 Springtails are primitive insects that feed on anything
山上的动植物靠空运物资充饥 blown up from lower altitudes.
因此有风动物群之称 即随风送来的生命 This community of plants and animals depend on airborne sustenance.
从此由风带来生命的群落 就被叫做风沙生物群 Hence the name an Aeolian Biome, life brought on the wind.
高处偶尔出现雪豹踪影 Very occasionally, snow leopards are seen at high altitudes,
也许是跟着山羊而来 或者仅仅是为了我们遗留下的垃圾 following goats, or maybe scavenging our rubbish ever higher.
有时这里也可以看到狼 Wolves, too, are being seen up here,
在这里拍摄很接近珠峰大本营 in this case filmed close to Everest base camp.
未知是否因为气候变化辟出了新路 It's not clear if climate change is opening up new areas for them
还是出于其他原因 or if there's some other reason.
科学家说这是一个警告 Scientists say it's warming and melting here
这里比珠峰外的其他任何地方 融化的都要快 faster than anywhere else outside the poles.
越过尼泊尔和不丹 我们循着鹤和雁的飞行路线走，越过喜马拉雅山茂盛的平原 Beyond Nepal and Bhutan, following the cranes and geese over the Himalayas, instead of finding
我们找到了一个，更高 更冷的干燥的高原 lush plains at sea level, we discover a high, cold, dry plateau,
几乎与高高山峰一样高 hardly lower than the peaks themselves.
西藏 It is Tibet.
冰川河流过面积与法国相若的地区 Glacial rivers thread through a desiccated landscape the size of France,
地势比阿尔卑斯山和洛矶山脉还高 but higher than anything in the Alps or the Rockies.
喜马拉雅群峰山石奇兀 高耸陡峭 The Himalayan peaks are just the jagged edge, the ramparts of a wall
西藏高原隐伏其后 with the Tibetan Plateau hidden behind.
这里的动物适应了高山地势 稀薄空气以及艰苦生活 The animals cope with extreme altitude, thin air and a tough life.
雪豹外表如一 但也有新角色 The snow leopards look the same, but there are also new characters.
这是只棕熊 除了名字和耳朵之外 与灰熊没有太大差别 This is a brown bear, a grizzly in all but name and tufted ears.
它很罕见 也很胆小 几乎还没被镜头捕捉到过 He's rare, timid and hardly ever filmed.
藏狐靠猎食鼠免这种啮齿类维生 The Tibetan fox hunts a rodent called a pika.
鼠兔像地松鼠和兔子一样 住在洞穴里也吃干草 Pikas live in dens, like ground squirrels or rabbits, and eat the tough grass.
鼠兔是所有掠食动物的主食 Pikas are the staple food of any predator.
它是一只很奇妙的狐狸 He's the most wonderful-looking fox.
方方的下颚 狡猾的眼睛 奇怪的难以预测的微笑 Square-jawed, eyes of cunning, and a twisted, knowing smile.
狐狸和熊组成了一个小队 The fox and the bear go around as a team.
高海拔的合作 或者也许是这只狡猾的狐狸 More high altitude cooperation, perhaps, or maybe the wily fox
跟在熊的附近 希望从棕熊手上抢走鼠兔 just follows the bear around, hoping to nab a pika from under the bear's nose.
现在是盛夏但土地通常仍是结冰 It's mid-summer now, but the ground is usually frozen,
只有熊才有力气从洞穴挖出鼠兔 and only the bear has the strength to dig out the pikas.
如果熊从洞穴的一头挖起 If the bear is digging up one end of a burrow,
那么狐狸已经在另外一头准备好 抓住惊恐万分的鼠兔 the fox is ready for the pikas to emerge at the other end in a panic.
PIKAS CALL
熊失手了 狐吃掉部分鼠免 余下的埋在地里 The bear missed out. The fox eats some and buries the rest.
深深的冻土会保证食物的新鲜 The deep permafrost will help keep it fresh.
西藏高原是如此之高 虽然和北非纬度相若 The Tibetan Plateau is so high that despite being the same latitude
即使晚春气温仍是极低 as North Africa, even in late spring, the temperature is icy.
生活在4000米高度的藏羚羊 At 15,000 feet live chiru, Tibetan antelopes.
在冰冷稀薄的空气中 藏羚羊在稀薄冷空气中喷出白烟 The chiru puff like steam engines in the cold, thin air.
一只雄性藏羚羊保护着它的妻子 在冰冷的薄雾云中大口呼气 A male guards his harem, breathing clouds of misty condensation.
其他雄羚对它的雌偶虎视耽耽 There are other males eyeing up his females.
它的邻居可能会诱拐它的妻子 A neighbour might come charging in to kidnap one for his own.
苦寒地带有小蛇出没是奇事 In these arctic conditions it's very surprising to find...
小蛇 a small snake.
某些地方有温泉 证明有火山活动 In places, hot springs are a sign of volcanic activity below.
泡温泉取暖 The snake survived its home being pushed
小蛇被迫迁到四千米上栖息 almost three miles straight up, by holding out in this natural sauna.
温泉蛇是失落了的孑遗物种 The hot spring snake is a lost relic.
其近亲遍布美洲大陆 Their nearest cousins are across the world in America.
溪水流人湖泊 The streams flow into lakes,
此时斑头雁以湖为家 完成了飞越喜马拉雅山的壮举 now home to the bar-headed geese after their epic journey over the Himalayas.
其中一只漂亮的选择在世界屋脊 生下它的10个小宝贝 One of the prettiest birds chooses the roof of the world to have up to ten beautiful goslings.
小家伙一出世就要自行觅食 The goslings have to feed themselves right from the start.
斑头雁栖居水边 一为方便觅食 Bar-headed geese always nest by water, for food,
二为躲避耐劳的藏狐猎杀 but also to escape the hardy Tibetan wolf.
HORNS PLAYING HORNS PLAYING
年轻的僧侣们正在练习吹西藏长号 Novice monks are practising their Tibetan horns.
佛教诞生于喜马拉雅另一面的印度 Buddhism was born on the other side of the Himalayas, overlooking India,
但它的山脉哲学很快就传到了西藏 but its mountain philosophy soon spread to Tibet.
佛教主张爱大自然 爱动物 A love of nature and animals is one of its teachings.
鹤象徽长寿与忠贞 也是人类忠实的伙伴 Cranes are symbols of a long life and a faithful partnership.
CRANES CALL CRANES CALL
佛教徒相信轮回转世 Buddhists believe in reincarnation
每个动物都有一个灵魂 有一天它们也会变成人 and that every animal has a spirit that one day will become a person
有一天人也会像动物那样生存 and that every person has lived as an animal.
所以要善待野生动物 So wildlife is looked after carefully,
就像这只翅膀受伤的鹤 and, like this crane with a wounded wing,
一直喂养到康复回归自然 fed and nursed back to health.
又一个例子 证明喜马拉雅山 对人和动物同样有影响 It's another example of how the Himalayas affect people and animals alike
它能加强人的爱心 鼓励和衷共济 and increase sensitivity and co-operation.
这些居住在喜马拉雅的生命 For those who live in the shadow of the Himalayas, a little can be given back
正在以一种奇特极端的方式回归 in the most extraordinary and extreme way possible.
天葬是向大山致敬的最终方式 A sky burial is the ultimate homage to the mountain.
人死后被带到山顶上放下 任由秃鹰啄食 After you die, you are taken up a revered peak and left to feed the vultures.
佛教徒相信万物皆相通 Buddhists believe that all life is connected,
我们彼此依赖 甚至会变成对方 each animal depends on another, even BECOMES another.
这种观念源出于这一带山脉 It's an idea born in these mountains
是我们对大自然威力 以及错综复杂的生命的洞察 from an understanding of the power of nature and the complexity of life.
佛教徒靠赖山岳、平静溪流里的水维生 The Buddhists look to the mountains particularly for reliable water in calm streams.
东流的大河变幻莫测 But flowing east are massive and changeable rivers -
却是数十亿人的生命之源 the lifeblood of a billion people.
扬子江 黄河 The Yangtze, the Yellow River,
雅鲁藏布江和湄公河 都起源于西藏高原 the Yarlung and the Mekong are all are born here on the Tibetan Plateau.
大量 To the north runs the Yellow River, so-called because of the huge amount
它为中国带来冰川泥沙 滋养大地 of glacial soil it brings to China.
北边的是黄河 之所以叫黄河 黄河又称为中华文明之母 They call the Yellow River the mother of Chinese civilization.
它还有另外一个名字 中华之殇 It has another name too - China's Sorrow.
历代多次泛滥 夺去数百万条人命 The floods have killed millions of people down the generations.
随着气候的变化 河道的改变 中华之殇 被赋予了新的含义 As the climate changes, the river will change and China's Sorrow may take on a new meaning.
数千座大坝 Thousands of dams battle
为了人类对抗大自然 to harness and control the gifts of the Himalayas for ourselves.
往东走是西藏的另一条大河 Another of Tibet's massive rivers continues our journey east.
往南转直接穿过喜马拉雅山 Then it turns south and cuts straight through the Himalayas.
雅鲁藏布江起源于芒凯拉什与怒江 The Yarlung Brahmaputra, from Mount Kailash, and the Nujiang,
扬子江和湄公河 都穿越高山 塑造出惊人地貌 the Yangtze and the giant Mekong all slice through the mountains, creating the most extraordinary place yet.
有些峡谷比世界上 最狂野的亚利桑那大峡谷深一倍 Some of the gorges are double the depth of the Grand Canyon - the rivers, the wildest in the world.
因此造成交通不便 这极大的考验了云南人的智慧 It makes getting around difficult, and tests the ingenuity of the Yunnan people.
藤绳索道已经使用上百年了 Cable crossings of rattan rope had been in use for hundreds of years
在钢铁被引入之前 before steel was introduced.
这是主要的贸易路线 This is the main route to market.
交通虽然不方便 但从热带吹来的暖湿空气 经过这些隙缝涌进 Getting around may be harder, but these deep fissures draw warm wet air in from the tropics.
这个山谷像是中央供暖系统的管道 创造了一片世外桃园 The valleys act like the pipes of a central heating system and create tropical paradises
如梦似幻的香格里拉便是一例 high in the mountains, like the mythical Shangri-La.
对中国人来说 这里就是躲藏在云彩里的天堂 To the Chinese particularly, this is heaven, hidden beyond the clouds.
热带猴像熊猴一样 在8000尺高处靠吃雨林果实维生 Tropical monkeys like bear macaques live on rainforest fruit at 8,000 feet.
每个伊甸园都有独特的动植物 Each Garden of Eden has unique animals and plants,
庞山而居这里是生物多样性的宝库 walled in by mountains, pockets of exceptional biodiversity.
周围群山环抱 像是中国平原地带的避难所 The mountain chains running into China are a sanctuary from the plains below.
大象和豹子 都远离农人和伐木工的滋扰 Elephants and leopards are fleeing from farmers and loggers.
这些高高的热带森林是自然的天堂 These high tropical forests are a miraculous paradise.
太阳鸟吃附生植物的花蜜 Sunbirds drink nectar from epiphytes,
麝鹿为这片天堂带来芬芳 musk deer provide the fragrance of heaven.
在一个隐秘的小角落 上演了另一段爱情故事 While in a private corner is another love story.
一只野雉正在和它未来伴侣玩游戏 A pheasant plays peek-a-boo with a prospective mate.
这只红腹角雉希望它鲜艳的肉垂 The Temminck's tragopan hopes his bright wattle
美丽的舞蹈可以证明它是合格的丈夫 and dance will show he'll be a worthwhile husband.
雌鸡似乎不感兴趣 走开了 She seems less than convinced, and moves away.
雄鸡跟着它 边走边跳 还是有希望的 He follows, displaying on the move, ever hopeful.
但到了盛夏就太迟了 它会褪去肉垂 为来年做准备 But by midsummer, it's too late, and he tucks his wattle away for another year.
温暖的山谷上面是另外一个世界 Above the warmer valleys, another world...
险峻的树林里长满了地衣 ..steep woods filled with lichen.
云南金丝猴几乎吃光了所有的地衣 The Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys feed almost entirely on the lichen,
高海拔限制了它的成长 and so are trapped at the high altitude that it grows.
生活在14000英尺的高处 它们可能是除了人类以外生活的最高的灵长类 At 14,000 feet, they are the highest primates in the world, except for a few of us.
多个家庭组成大族群 每一群由一个雄性和几个妻妾组成 Large troops are formed of many families, each with a Buddha-like male and several wives.
去年出生的猴子今年帮忙照顾小猴 Last year's young help with the babies.
它们样貌奇特 有的像小矮人 They are curious looking, some like little elves
有的好像整容失败 and some like plastic surgery gone too far.
来到仲夏 出乎意料寒流飘至 下起雪来 At the height of summer, a strange cooling brings snow to the mountains.
金丝猴觉察到了天气转变 The snub-nosed monkeys feel the change in the weather.
每年七月都下雪 冷得群猴打颤 Each July, the snow comes in and the monkeys shiver.
季风季开始了 The monsoon has begun.
远在千里的印度洋热带空气 为寒冷的山区带来一丝温暖 The cold mountains draw tropical air from the Indian Ocean,thousands of miles away.
云堆积起来了 七月到九月的交替期间大部分的植物都覆盖了雨雪 Clouds pile up, and from July to September deliver most of the annual snow and rain.
没有喜马拉雅山带来的季风 东南亚将是一片荒漠 Without the Himalayas driving the monsoon, Southern Asia would be a desert.
冰川带来的泥沙 被雨水冲下来 Soil and mud, ground up by glaciers, pour off the mountains.
季风带来了生命 The monsoon can bring life
也带来了灾难和不幸 or destruction and sorrow.
大山对生命而言是不可替代角色 Life depends on the mountains, the character of which is unpredictable.
这不仅仅是宗教信仰 这还是科学 It's not just a religious belief, but a scientific fact as well.
在这里 我们重塑了大山 这样它就可以为我们提供更多的食物 In places, we shape the mountain to our will to provide more food.
稻米是地球上这个古老人类的主食 Rice paddies are some of the oldest human structures on Earth.
喜马拉雅的文化就是回馈自然 The cultures that understand the Himalayas say we must give something back.
他们说所有的生命都是相连的 They say all life is connected,
每种动物都依赖其他动物而活 and each animal depends on another,
也许它们本来就是一体的 even BECOMES another.
大山也在试图教会我们一些东西 It is as if the mountains are trying to teach us something else, too,
一个关于自然的非常古老的遗训 a very old lesson about the power of nature
以及我们脆弱的生命 and the fragility of our lives.
[喜马拉雅山的植物先驱]
不仅仅是动物 让喜马拉雅山变得如此奇特 It's not just the animals that makes the Himalayas so extraordinary.
也包括植物 It's also the plants.
事实上 这里的花朵 影响了我们所有的生命 In fact, the floral wealth of this region has had an enormous impact on the lives of all of us.
在早期的19世纪 It all began in the early 19th century,
当新一代的冒险家冒着生命危险 到世界各地收集引进植物 when a new wave of adventurers risked their lives to collect exotic plants from across the world.
喜马拉雅山是最有前途 也是最吸引人的地方 The Himalayas was one of the most promising and tempting regions of all.
这里多是崎岖地带 而且很大程度上还未被外界所认知 This rugged land was still largely unknown to the outside world.
这里当然会发现新的植物种类 Here, surely, there were new plant species to be found.
探索与基尤皇家植物园 紧密的联系在一起 That quest led to a special connection with the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.
尤其在19世纪 Well, in the 19th century in particular,
这里有从世界各地收集来的植物 there was a lot of collecting of plants throughout the world,
富人尤其喜欢建立收藏样本 particularly well-to-do people liked to build up collections of specimens
就像他们喜欢 收集填充玩具这一类的东西 just as they liked to collect stuffed animals and this type of thing.
约瑟夫·道尔顿·胡克 就是这样的富人探险家 Joseph Dalton Hooker was one such well-to-do explorer
他很幸运 他的父亲是基尤 皇家植物园的负责人 and lucky for him, his father was Director of Kew.
西方的上流社会开始流行时髦的园艺 As Western high society became gripped by a gardening craze,
威廉·胡克带着他的儿子 寻找新的植物品种 William Hooker sent his son in search of new plants.
1847年 约瑟夫动身 开始了对喜马拉雅长达3年的探险 In 1847, Joseph set off on a three-year expedition into the Himalayas.
坚韧的决心帮助他战胜了许多困难 Single-minded and determined, he endured great hardships.
他饱受高原病的折磨 He suffered with altitude sickness,
但他的旅行被当地人破坏了 his journey was sabotaged by local people,
他还进了监狱 he was even imprisoned.
尽管如此 他每天还走8小时的路程 Nevertheless, he walked for eight hours a day,
收集植物 记录旅途中的每个细节 collecting plants and documenting every detail of his travels.
他是在这个地区 收集植物的第一位欧洲人 He was the first European to collect in the region
他的发现使他成为19世纪 最伟大的植物学家也是重要的科学家 and his discoveries made him one of the greatest botanists of the 19th century, a key scientist of his age.
他从喜马拉雅带回了许多新品种的花 He returned from the Himalayas with a wealth of new flowers,
包括28种新的杜鹃花 including 28 new species of rhododendron.
我们有一些胡克收集的样本 We've got some examples here of specimens that were collected by Hooker.
其中一个就是尼泊尔的国花红杜鹃花 One example here is Rhododendron arborium, which in fact is the national flower of Nepal.
但胡克收集了很多样本 But there are a large number of these specimens collected by Hooker
这个品种来自尼泊尔 而这个已经用胡克的名字 of this species from Nepal, and we do have specimens that have got
命名的样本收集于1848年 Hooker's name on them, so here we've got a specimen that was collected in 1848.
只需要简单的把它们带回来 就有了很大的影响力 Simply by bringing these new species back, it would have had a great impact, because lots of these things
因为许多品种都是从未见过 所以引入了很多新品种 would never have been seen before, so a lot of new things introduced into cultivation.
因此这些植物对于爱好者来说 有着重要的意义 So these plants would have had the real sort of wow factor for gardeners at the time.
园艺爱好者穿山越岭 就是为了把这些光彩夺目的 Gardeners across the nation competed for the boldest and brightest specimens,
喜马拉雅品种带进每个人的花园中 bringing a little bit of the Himalayas into everyone's garden.
事实上 我们花园里四分之一的花朵 都来自于喜马拉雅 In fact, a quarter of the plants in our gardens today came originally from the Himalayas...
从杜鹃花到一品红 from azaleas to euphorbias,
龙胆根到鸢尾花 gentians to irises...
牡丹花到报春花 and peonies to primulas.
但约瑟夫·胡克还发现了 植物的科学和医学价值 But Joseph Hooker also recognised the value of plants to science and medicine.
今天 基尤的标本室使得它成为 这个世界上最重要的植物园机构 Today, the Herbarium makes Kew one of the most important botanical institutions in the world.
它是一个巨大的数据库 存储了超过700万植物标本 It's a vast database housing over seven million specimens
囊括世界上98%的植物样本 and representing 98% of the world's plant species.
追寻他父亲的脚步 约瑟夫创办了乔德雷尔实验室 Succeeding his father as Director, Joseph also opened the Jodrell Laboratory
进一步确立了基尤的科研地位 and firmly established Kew as a scientific institution.
这个实验室做了很多 This laboratory does a lot of work
关于植物的生物学活性的工作 on the biological activity of plants.
我们有一个重点 就是寻找植物的医药用途 We have an emphasis on looking for medicinal uses of plants,
这样我们就可以不通过药品 and that could be what we term
治疗类似咳嗽 感冒 这样的病但我们也寻找 over-the-counter medicines - things like coughs and colds - but also looking for drugs
可以用来治疗阿尔茨海默氏症 结核病和癌症的毒品 that could be used to treat things like Alzheimer's, TB and cancer.
喜马拉雅地区估计有大约有 The Himalayan region is estimated to have about
18000到21000种不同品种的植物 between 18,000 and maybe 20,000, 21,000 different species of plants,
这些都是有记录档案的 and of those, there's documentary evidence
有医学药用的就有大约2000种 on uses of about 2,000 of those for medicinal uses.
所以我们在基尤做的事情 有一部分就是寻找它们的传统用途 So one of the things that we are doing at Kew is partly capturing the traditional uses,
但也寻找不同地区植物的演化特征 but also looking at the traits that plants have in different areas that they have evolved
保护它们是为了帮助 我们在未来研究它们的药用价值 to protect themselves, that can help us design drugs for the future.
居住在喜马拉雅远方山谷的人们 People living in the remote valleys of the Himalayas
一直信赖植物的医学用途 现在我们也是这样了 have always relied on plants for their medical remedies, but so do we.
我们四分之一的药品都包含植物成分 Around a quarter of all our pharmaceuticals contain substances derived from plants.
种植在我们花园里的植物 可能就是一剂内服药 Plants that we may take for granted in our gardens could be miniature medicine chests.
有些植物我们已经在使用了 而有些植物在某些地区很出名 Some of the plants that we've been working on, some of them are quite famous to the areas,
因为它们不但是药用植物 它们还融入了人们的文化 because they're not only medicinal plants, but they're in the culture of the people,
就像杜鹃花 and that would be rhododendrons.
每种杜鹃花都有传统的用法 Every bit of the rhododendron plant has a traditional use,
从花朵到花瓣再到茎 根都能使用 from the flowers to the leaves, to the bark, to the roots is used.
另外一种是牡丹 Now, the other plant is peony.
我们都知道它很漂亮 但在喜马拉雅 Now, we know it for its beautiful flowers, but within the Himalayas
它的根茎被当成一种药 it's often the root bark that is used as a medicine, and I've had
在我的旅途中确实看过这样的例子 它是一种被过度采摘的植物 quite a few trips actually looking for samples of this because it is a plant that has been over-exploited.
但在喜马拉雅有一个真正 被人类过度采摘的问题 But in the Himalayas there is a real issue with the continuing growth and over-exploitation by man.
因此 我们可能会失去 我们还没来得及研究的东西 And therefore we could be losing things that we haven't yet studied.
19世纪初 喜马拉雅的植物 几乎没人知道 At the start of the 19th century, almost nothing was known about Himalayan plants.
但现在我们正有条不紊的研究 它们对于人类的价值 Now, we are methodically examining them all to see how they might be of use to us.
也许高海拔 居住的人少 As so few people live up here, it was once thought
也保护了它们 that the high altitude plants were safe from exploitation.
但现在有一个巨大威胁 But today, there is a much greater threat.
气候变暖 冰川融化 导致土地不再适合它们生存演化 As the climate warms, glaciers are receding and the land no longer suits the plants that evolved here.
但总要有个地方给它们生长 But there is nowhere else for them to grow.
气候的变化威胁到全球数千种植物 With climatic changes threatening thousands of plant species worldwide,
基尤已经开始了最大的植物保护工程 Kew has embarked on the most ambitious of all plant conservation projects.
基尤设立在西苏塞克斯郡 韦克赫斯特广场的千年种子银行 The Millennium Seed Bank at Wakehurst Place,
拥有超过一百万的植物种子 Kew's base in West Sussex, holds more than a million seeds.
我们知道随着种子银行的设立 We know, as seed bank people,
人们不会失去植物 不会失去它们 that you don't have to lose plants, you don't have to lose them.
我们可以使用种子银行 We can use seed banks
确保植物不会灭绝 to make sure that these plants don't go extinct.
在这里植物猎人送来种子 来自世界各地的人对它们分类编码 Here, seeds arrive from plant-hunters working all around the world, to be catalogued and bar-coded.
每个批次都会仔细筛选清理干净 Each batch is carefully sifted and cleaned.
然后用X光检查 确保没有虫子伤害它们 Then they are X-rayed to ensure that there's no contamination by insects that might harm them.
所有工作完成后就会把它们存起来 Only after everything has been checked are they banked for the future.
在一个零下20度的地下室里 它们休眠的很好 In an underground vault, they are kept dormant at minus 20 degrees.
本质上讲它们是种子 同时也是时空胶囊 Essentially what seeds are, are they're little time capsules.
植物的种子可以保存数个世纪 Plants can survive for centuries using their seed
我们很确信 and we accentuate that ability
我们已经学到很多关于种子的知识 以至于我们可以想象出这天的到来 and we've learnt a lot about seeds such that we can actually spin that process out.
我们知道可以让这些种子存活1千年 We know that we can keep seeds alive for 1,000 years.
千年种子银行已经确保 54000种植物 The Millennium Seed Bank has already ensured that 54,000 species of plants
不会遭到灭绝 are safe from extinction.
种子银行是第一步 我们必须保证 'The seed bank is just the first step, because we have to make sure
可以把它们再次变成植物 'that we can turn them back into plants.
楼下的冰箱可以 确保16亿颗种子完好无损 'There's no good having 1.6 billion seeds sitting in a fridge downstairs,'
但这仅仅是把它们 变成真正的植物的第一步 but it's our first stepping stone to them turning those species back into real plants.
每颗种子都是珍贵的 Each seed is valuable.
因为植物会提供我们食物 新鲜的空气 居住地 As plants continue to provide food, fresh air, habitat stability,
甚至还有药品 even medicines,
我们知道将来需要它们 we know we need them for our future.
植物的时空胶囊是我们 将要面临的问题的关键 Their time capsules may even hold the key to problems that we have yet to face.
cym合并中英字 Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk